University of Cambridge researchers have published a study into artificial leaves. The team aims to develop a sheet of these artificial leaves that could float on water, requiring less space on land for renewable energy creation, and effectively be rolled up and redeployed where needed.

The innovation reportedly produces an alternative fuel – syngas – and reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.

Increasing concern over climate change allows for exploration of new methods or completing current tasks. Due to the capabilities of the photosynthetic process in its reduction of carbon dioxide and production of oxygen and energy, researchers are keen to mimic and adapt the natural technology to output green energy required while removing carbon dioxide from the air.

The decreasing prices for renewable energy solutions have encouraged uptake in using technology such as that for wind and solar power generation. Generation of alternatives to fossil fuels, however, is slower due to issues with cost, efficiency and a lack of infrastructure.

An earlier prototype utilised thick glass substrates and moisture protective coatings to house the two light absorbers and catalyst. This, however, resulted in the device being bulky and unable to float.

To solve this research turned towards miniaturisation, with the mobile industry acting as inspiration. With key components reduced in size, eliminating weight issues, the elements are protected from water degradation by a carbon-based layer that is micrometre thin and water-repellent. From this energy and oxygen can be created from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water in a similar process to that of photosynthesis.

The papers co-lead author, Dr Virgil Andrei of Cambridge universities Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, maintains that “This study demonstrates that artificial leaves are compatible with modern fabrication techniques, representing an early step towards the automation and up-scaling of solar fuel production.”